浅论气象术语标准研制的问题与对策

为避免气象术语中出现循环定义、定义不协调、定义与术语不匹配、定义重复术语名称或使用代词等问题,运用术语学原理分析,提出研制术语时要注意“语料收集、定义研制、术语分类、辨析关系”的对策建议,这对提高术语研制质量,增强表达交流效果,完善气象标准体系具有重要作用。     

Theoretical construction in physics – The role of Leibniz for Weyl's ‘Philosophie der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaft’

This paper aims at closing a gap in recent Weyl research by investigating the role played by Leibniz for the development and consolidation of Weyl's notion of theoretical (symbolic) construction. For Weyl, just as for Leibniz, mathematics was not simply an accompanying tool when doing physics—for him it meant the ability to engage in well-guided speculations about a general framework of reality and experience. The paper first introduces some of the background of Weyl's notion of theoretical construction and then discusses particular Leibnizian inheritances in Weyl's ‘Philosophie der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaft’, such as the general appreciation of the principles of sufficient reason and of continuity. Afterwards the paper focuses on three themes: first, Leibniz's primary quality phenomenalism, which according to Weyl marked the decisive step in realizing that physical qualities are never apprehended directly; second, the conceptual relation between continuity and freedom; and third, Leibniz's notion of ‘expression’, which allows for a certain type of (surrogative) reasoning by structural analogy and which gave rise to Weyl's optimism regarding the scope of theoretical construction.     

一类Schrödinger-Poisson系统非平凡解的存在性

利用变分方法和临界点理论,研究了一类Schrödinger-Poisson系统,其中泊松项为更一般的形式,通过给非线性项加拟临界增长和AR条件,得到了该系统非平凡解的存在性。补充和推广了以往研究Schrödinger-Poisson系统的相关结果。     

The total cost of misclassification in credit scoring: A comparison of generalized linear models and generalized additive models

This study examines whether the evaluation of a bankruptcy prediction model should take into account the total cost of misclassification. For this purpose, we introduce and apply a validity measure in credit scoring that is based on the total cost of misclassification. Specifically, we use comprehensive data from the annual financial statements of a sample of German companies and analyze the total cost of misclassification by comparing a generalized linear model and a generalized additive model with regard to their ability to predict a company's probability of default. On the basis of these data, the validity measure we introduce shows that, compared to generalized linear models, generalized additive models can reduce substantially the extent of misclassification and the total cost that this entails. The validity measure we introduce is informative and justifies the argument that generalized additive models should be preferred, although such models are more complex than generalized linear models. We conclude that to balance a model's validity and complexity, it is necessary to take into account the total cost of misclassification.     

时间非均匀介质中两种群竞争格点系统的广义行波

考虑一般时间非均匀介质中两种群竞争格点系统广义行波的存在性和不存在性问题, 通过建立相关合作系统上下解的比较原理, 并构造其合适的上下解, 证明了当下平均速度大于一个确定的阈值时, 该系统广义行波存在, 并且不存在下平均速度小于此阈值的广义行波.     

d>4情形下广义布朗单的截口常返性

为研究广义布朗单在d>4且满足一般条件下的截口常返性，基于方差测度函数等高线上的点所对应的t轴纵坐标，利用数学归纳法定义指标集的s轴区间的可数个分划点，再利用纵坐标和分划点,将指标集可数分割为位于有限个等高线间的矩形块，从而把广义布朗单的截口常返性集转化为指标集为上述矩形块的截口常返性集的并集。在假设方差测度函数的等高线与指标集的s轴所围成部分的方差测度有上界的条件下，结合Borel Cantelli引理，证明P{s >0，使得过程t→W(s,t)是区域常返}=0。研究结果表明:当d>4时，广义布朗单是非截口常返的，且所需要的条件对于常见的Lebegue Stieltjes测度均满足。     

时间分数阶Sharma-Tasso-Olver方程和Zakharov方程组的新精确解

利用推广的Kudryashov方法, 借助分数阶行波变换和一致分数阶导数, 给出非线性广义时间分数阶Sharma Tasso Olver方程和Zakharov方程组的若干双曲函数形式的精确解.     

带有临界增长的Kirchhoff方程极小能量变号解的存在性

为了深入研究Kirchhoff方程的性质,讨论了带有Hartree项和临界增长非线性项的Kirchhoff方程极小能量变号解的存在性。利用能量泛函在变号Nehari流形上的下确界C_λ收敛于0,得到空间E紧嵌入L~6(R~3)这一技术性结果。结果表明,利用限制变分方法和定量形变引理获得极小化序列对应的极小值点是该问题的非平凡解。研究方法在理论证明方面得到了良好的结果,对研究其他Kirchhoff方程解的存在性有一定的指导意义。     

保积Hom-δ-李超三系的拟导子和型心

首先给出Hom-δ-李超三系T的概念, 证明T的广义导子之集、 拟导子之集、 导子之集Der(T)、 中心导子之集ZDer(T)、 拟型心QC(T)和型心C(T)均为李超代数. 其次, 证明中心导子代数和型心代数都是Der(T)的理想, 且ZDer(T)=C(T)∩Der(T). 若T的中心为零, 则［C(T),QC(T)]={0}.     

语言符号任意性原则视角下的辞格应用--以莫言《蛙》为例

修辞手法的使用是一种语用行为。将索绪尔任意性原则与《蛙》中辞格建立有效的联系，依据能指—所指理论对修辞进行剖析，可以进一步丰富该理论，有助于分析作者使用的修辞手法。所作的具体阐述表明，辞格的应用是建立在绝对任意性下的相对任意性的联系。